Sarah Jane Pell dives with a spacesuit, in 2016 in Marseille, France, simulating lunar conditions. | Alexis Rosenfeld/Getty Images
Editor’s note, April 7, 2026, 5:10 pm ET: The Artemis II mission is conducting experiments that may radically advance our understanding of space medicine. The findings of A Virtual Astronaut Tissue Analog Response (AVATAR) experiment could help us create personalized medical kits for astronauts, and the Artemis Research for Crew Health & Readiness (ARCHeR) study will monitor the astronauts’ health as they go further into space than any human beings have...
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