The U.S. gross national debt surpassed $40 trillion last month for the first time in the nation's history, and while the federal government is continuing to rack up debt at an increasing pace, fiscal challenges loom on the horizon for political leaders who are currently in office and those who will be competing in upcoming elections.Earlier this year, the annual report of the Social Security and Medicare Trustees noted that the main Social Security trust fund is on track to be depleted in 2032, when automatic 22% benefit cuts would occur. Meanwhile, the growth in the national debt coupled with...